Lowest Operating Voltages for All Three Basic Colors

Novaled achieves unprecedented operating voltages close to the thermodynamic limit. Novaled solves in addition problems of conventional metal doping. A conventional method of doping organic semiconductors is the use of metals and metal compounds, such as Cs or Li for n-doped organic semiconductors. However, when it comes to alkali metal doping two major issues arise: temperature stability and dopant diffusion. If such alkali metals are used, the process control during the manufacturing process is severely restricted. Novaled has solved these problems by introducing molecular p and n doping. This method avoids diffusion and cross contamination, resulting in a high temperature stability of the OLED. Furthermore, the operating voltage remains at a minimum due to good charge carrier injection and virtually no ohmic losses over the transport layers. The molecular dopants can be evaporated in conventional OLED manufacturing tools without process control problems. All materials can be used, applying standard small molecule handling methods.